
THE BASTIDES OF GASCONY

Originating in the late 13th Century, bastides were the new towns of the Middle Ages. Built on greenfield sites, they were not the subject of organic development but were meticulously planned. Earlier towns and villages in south west France evolved under the guidance of a chateau or monastery. Bastides however, were intended to be self-sufficient and to an extent self governing. A good number were named after well-known European cites as in; Barcelonne, Cologne, Fleurance, Grenade, Mielan, Pavie and Valence, perhaps as advertising to enhance their appeal to settlers.
This revolutionary idea was initiated by the Counts of Toulouse and was later taken up by Crown representatives often acting in joint venture with a local abbey to provide land. Sites were sought both on high and low ground and invariably adopted a grid plan around a central arcaded square. As well as the strategic role of settling people in turbulent times, the bastides gave security against outlaws. Further, the exercise of authority and tax collection was made easier. English bastides, founded by Edward I, followed later and include St Clar and Fourcès. With the fortunes of war, allegiances changed - several times in the case of Montreal du Gers.
Ordered communities
The rights and obligations of the new community and the protection promised by its founder were set down in a Charte de Coutumes. Chartes were initially oral, learned by heart and later documented by the notaries of the day. Special dispositions concerning marriage and inheritance allowed the growth of a wealthy bourgeoisie. Penalties for crime were codified and infringements carried fines, punishment or humiliation. Theft could earn a branding or removal of part of the ear and re-offending a hanging. In cases of adultery both parties paid an equal fine and were paraded naked through the streets...

Thriving Market towns
The creation of bastides came to an end with the ravages of the Black Death and the protracted Hundred Years War. In the Gers, some thirty bastides remain and are inhabited by nearly 20% of the department's population. Many of the properties marketed by the Purslow's Gascony estate agency are situated close to one or more historic bastides and that usually provide basic amenities and a local market. Marciac, a bastide village now internationally known for its jazz festival has one of the largest central squares.
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Some photography courtesy of Matthew Weinreb
© Copyright 2010 Purslow's Gascony.
Some photography courtesy of Matthew Weinreb
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Purslow's Gascony
St Maur, 32300 Mirande
email Purslow's Gascony
tel. + 33 (0)5 62 67 61 50
fax. + 33 (0)5 62 67 59 35
St Maur, 32300 Mirande
email Purslow's Gascony
tel. + 33 (0)5 62 67 61 50
fax. + 33 (0)5 62 67 59 35





